As an example, consider a person riding a bicycle, with the individual acting like the engine. If see your face tries to ride that bike up a steep hill in a gear that is created for low rpm, she or he will struggle as
they try to maintain their balance and achieve an rpm that may permit them to climb the hill. However, if they change the bike’s gears into a velocity that will create a higher rpm, the rider will have
a much easier time of it. A constant force can be applied with even rotation 
being supplied. The same logic applies for commercial applications that require lower speeds while preserving necessary
torque.
• Inertia complementing. Today’s servo motors are producing more torque relative to frame size. That’s due to dense copper windings, lightweight materials, and high-energy magnets.
This creates greater inertial mismatches between servo motors and the loads they want to move. Using a gearhead to better match the inertia of the motor to the inertia of the load allows for utilizing a smaller electric motor and results in a more responsive system that is simpler to tune. Again, that is achieved through the gearhead’s ratio, where the reflected inertia of the strain to the electric motor is decreased by 1/ratio2.
Recall that inertia may be the way of measuring an object’s resistance to improve in its motion and its own function of the object’s mass and form. The higher an object’s inertia, the more torque is required to accelerate or decelerate the thing. This implies that when the load inertia is much bigger than the electric motor inertia, sometimes it could cause excessive overshoot or increase settling times. Both circumstances can decrease production series throughput.
On the other hand, when the motor inertia is bigger than the load inertia, the engine will require more power than is otherwise necessary for this application. This improves costs because it requires having to pay more for a electric motor that’s larger than necessary, and because the increased power intake requires higher operating costs. The solution is by using a gearhead to complement the inertia of the motor to the inertia of the load.
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